Kamis, 17 April 2014

passive voice



The passive voice is a grammatical construction (specifically, a "voice"). The noun or noun phrase that would be the object of an active sentence (such as Our troops defeated the enemy) appears as the subject of a sentence with passive voice (e.g. The enemy was defeated by our troops).
The subject of a sentence or clause featuring the passive voice typically denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the performer (the agent). The passive voice in English is formed periphrastically: the usual form uses the auxiliary verb be (or get) together with the past participle of the main verb.
Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
  • the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
  • the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
  • the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Examples of Passive
Tense
Subject
Verb
Object
Simple Present
Active:
Rita
writes
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
is written
by Rita.
Simple Past
Active:
Rita
wrote
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
was written
by Rita.
Present Perfect
Active:
Rita
has written
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
has been written
by Rita.
Future I
Active:
Rita
will write
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
will be written
by Rita.
Hilfsverben
Active:
Rita
can write
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
can be written
by Rita.

Example passive voice simple present :
1.      a car is designed
2.      the apples are picked
3.      they are cleaned
4.      they are packed
5.      the car is washed
Example passive voice future :
Active: I will write a letter.
  1. A letter will be written by me.

  2. She will help me.

  3. I will be helped by her.

  4. John will learn the lesson.

  5. The lesson will be learnt by John.
Example passive voice past :
  1. He wrote a letter.

  2. A letter was written by him.

  3. They knew it.

  4. It was known to them.

  1. She sang a song.

  2. A song was sung by her.

  3. He loved his friends very much.

  4. His friends were loved very much by him.










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